In 1897 a British Trading expedition arrived in Nigeria to explore the potential for conducting business with the region for various items such as Palm oil. An initial party of some 9 British officers arrived in Benin City in an attempt to open negotiation with the Oba and his Council of Chiefs. This meeting was a disaster and resulted in the death of the 9 British Naval officers.
Once news of this incident reached the Admiralty back in England; a raiding party was swiftly arranged in revenge for the killing. This subsequent British assault on Benin City was merciless and intended to deliver a powerful message at the same time. Several thousand Nigerians lost their lives during this attack and the usual 'looting' the 'spoils of war' took place. The Royal Palace was no exception to this rampage and suffered the removal of hundreds of works of art which were decorating the Palace.
These works of art were the Benin Bronzes depicting images of the Oba and his Courtiers several centuries earlier. The Bronzes were taken back to the UK and have remained within the walls of the British Museum to this day. Despite several attempts by Nigeria in the 50's and 70's requesting the return of the Bronzes; they still remain the property of the Museum.
The Benin Bronzes are actually made of brass and not bronze; this was due to early trade with the Portuguese in the 15th Century who would often use brass bracelets and other similar objects in exchange for local goods. These items were subsequently meted down by highly talented individuals in Benin City and created the Benin Bronzes.
The British Museum has provided a secure environment for over a century and it is the actual security of these Bronzes in Nigeria which has been the main reason for not returning them. Another reason for the reluctance by the British Museum, in releasing these treasured items, is that such a gesture could in theory open the 'floodgates' for other applications from other Countries.
However, I believe the time has now arrived for the return of 'one or more' Benin Bronzes to the Royal Palace in Benin City for a variety of reasons and under certain conditions.
From personal experience I know the strength of feeling concerning the return of these bronzes is 'strong' from all parts of Nigeria. From the Muslims in the North to the Christians in the South; from the Ibo's in the East to Yoraba's in the West. These people from contrasting sections of Nigeria have had their differences and on occasions resulting in serious disturbances. The return of 'one or more' Benin Bronze to The Royal Palace in Benin City after over a century, will without doubt, help to unite the people of Nigeria in a single act of celebration. It would also provide a historic symbol of 'Goodwill' between our Two Countries and help enhance future prosperity.
This project is in its early days but I hope to soon receive
written authorisation from HRH The Oba of Benin City
in which to commence negotiations.
